Manual of the South American Diptera

Submission - Chapter submissions should initially be sent to the Editors by e-mail for a first check of format and content. The draft will then be distributed to a member of the Editorial Panel. Please submit manuscripts as Word documents (.doc, .docx, .rtf) as e-mail attachments or request a Dropbox link for larger files. Illustrations should initially be sent as low-resolution .jpeg files for review process. Authors should liaise with the Editors about system compatibility for final submission of illustration files.

 

Format - Please follow these instructions concerning document format. Keep the format as simple as possible, without imbedded internal style or other document formatting, complex tab stops etc. End notes and acknowledgments should be typed on the appropriate page, not included as internal text. Authors must not use text styles other than normal (no heading styles, etc.). Submitted manuscripts that do not conform to these Instructions or require extensive English language editing will be returned. The corresponding author of each chapter is responsible for ensuring that the final content of manuscripts is agreed upon by all co-authors. The Editors reserve the right to make minor editorial changes that do not affect content.

Manuscripts should be in Times New Roman 12 pt font and 1.5 line-spaced, with a 2.5 cm margin on all sides. All pages are to be numbered consecutively. Contributions should be written according to US English standards. For the general preparation of the chapters, refer to the notes below and to the Chapter Guidelines.

For family chapters, the text should be arranged according to this sequence of headings: Diagnosis, Biology and Immature stages, Economic Importance (if applicable), Classification, Identification, Key to genera, Synopsis of the Fauna, Acknowledgments, Literature cited, Legend to figures, Tables with legends and finally, Figures (see detailed note below). When first referring to a particular genus or species-group name, always cite authority, date of publication and relationship in full, according to the relevant Code of Nomenclature.

Introductory chapters are free to propose a structure for the section, but should reduce headings to a minimum to avoid hierarchies of nested sub-headings. Do not abbreviate author names for taxa, except Linnaeus (L.) and Fabricius (F.). Use a single letter for the abbreviation of a generic epithet or species name. Electronic submissions should not include special characters; use *M for male symbol, *F for female symbol (see notes below), *T for times symbol. Cite international codens for institutions according to the Insect and Spider Collections of the World (http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-r-us.html).

 

Adult terminology - General morphological terminology usage should mainly follow that provided in the Adult Morphology and Terminology chapter of the Manual of Central American Diptera. In case of specific terminology for a family (e.g., head setation in phorids), illustrations should be provided with relevant structures clearly labeled. Abbreviations must be consistent.

 

Citation of published information - References in text should follow these standards: “Smith (1910)”, “(Smith 1915a)”, “Smith & Thompson (1920, 1922)”, or “Smith et al. (1930)” (for three or more authors). In the case of multiple citations, arrange names chronologically—e.g., “(Brain 1840, 1841; Adamson 1914; Stevenson 1962)” (note use of semicolon and comma). Page numbers must be provided for all quotes cited, e.g., “Smith (1910: 135)” or “Smith (1910: 135–138)”.

 

Citation of unpublished information - Cite unpublished information as, e.g., “Smith (submitted)”, “Smith (accepted)”, or “Smith (in press)”, which should appear ahead in the reference list, or “Smith (unpubl.)”, “Smith (in prep.)”, “A. Smith (pers. comm. 2009)” or A. Smith (in litt.)”, which should be included in the acknowledgments section.

 

Spaces between sentences and between paragraphs - Please use a single (not double spaces) between sentences. Do not use blank lines after paragraphs.

 

Latin abbreviations - All Latin abbreviations should be italicized, including “i.e.” and “e.g.” Words in non-European languages should also appear in italics, e.g., tsetse.

 

Hyphen, en-dash, and em-dash - Use hyphen (-) in compounds like “parallel-sided”, “hook-like”, “yellow-brown” (but “yellowish brown”), as well as in certain names, e.g. “Kirk-Spriggs”. Use en-dash (–) between number sequences and month sequences, e.g. Figs 24–28 (but Figs 24, 25), May–June, 1–256 pp. Use em-dash (—) sparingly.

 

Citation of scientific names - When citing scientific names and other words that should appear in italic script, ensure that only those words are converted to italics. When subgeneric names are used, do not italicize brackets, e.g., Simulium (Lewisellum) ethiopiense Fain & Oomen is correct, Simulium (Lewisellum) ethiopiense Fain & Oomen, is incorrect. Full stops (periods) after generic name abbreviations should not be italicized. The original author and date of a genus or a species name should always be cited when first mentioned.

 

Single and double quote marks - Double quote marks (“…”) should be used for direct quotations from published literature, e.g., <Greathead (1963) stated that this genus is “widespread” in southern Africa>. Alternately: <In his review of the genus Curtonotum Macquart, Kirk-Spriggs (2007: 23) stated “… this species group is common on the arid southwest of Namibia …> Note use of three full stops (periods) followed by, or proceeded, by a space for direct quotations that begin or end in mid-sentence. Single quote marks (‘…’) should only be used for quotes within quotes and when the usage of a word or a phrase differs from conventional. Ensure that all quote marks are not ‘orphaned’ before the submission of manuscripts.

 

Footnotes - Footnotes will not be used in the Manual. Please use endnotes whenever required.

Numerical values - For numerical values, use a decimal point, not a comma.

Male and female symbols (в™‚в™Ђ) - For the male symbol (♂), use *M (no space between * and M); for the female (♀), use *F. Do not double these for plurals ( i.e., ♂♂, or ♀♀).

 

Citation of figure numbers - Use “Fig.” and “Figs” for the text citations to figures that appear in the chapter contribution (with full stop after the singular use, not the plural) and “fig.” and “figs” for reference to illustrations in other publications.

Compliance with International Codes of nomenclature - All systematic chapter contributions should follow the relevant codes of nomenclature.

 

Use of botanical names - Botanical generic names are not followed by author names, as in zoological nomenclature; each species name should be followed by its author (without the date of description) the first time it is cited in the text. When first written, the family name of the genus should be included after the generic name in brackets, e.g. “Acacia (Fabaceae)” or “Acacia karoo Hayne (Fabaceae)”.

 

(largely based on the website of the Manual of the Afrotropical Diptera)